S.Aishwariya avuga ku gusimbuka kw'imyenda ya tekiniki, udushya tugezweho ndetse no kwagura isoko ryabo mu bijyanye n'imyambarire n'imyambarire.
Urugendo Rwa Fibre
1. Igisekuru cya mbere cyimyenda yimyenda niyo yaguzwe biturutse kuri kamere kandi icyo gihe cyamaze imyaka 4000.Igisekuru cya kabiri cyari kigizwe na fibre yakozwe n'abantu nka nylon na polyester, ibyo bikaba byaratewe nimbaraga zashyizweho naba chimiste mu 1950, kugirango bihindurwe hamwe nibikoresho bisa na fibre naturel.Igisekuru cya gatatu kirimo fibre ziva mumitungo kamere idakoreshwa kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byabaturage bagenda biyongera.Ibi ntabwo aribindi bisobanuro cyangwa byiyongera kuri fibre isanzwe ihari, ariko bizera ko bifite imiterere itandukanye ishobora gufasha mubice bitandukanye byakoreshwa.Kubera impinduka mu nganda z’imyenda, urwego rwimyenda ya tekinike rugenda rwiyongera mubukungu bwateye imbere hamwe no gukoreshwa mubice bitandukanye
2. Mugihe cyinganda kuva 1775 kugeza 1850, gukuramo fibre naturel nibisanzwe byari hejuru.Ikiringo kiri hagati ya 1870 na 1980 cyaranze icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi bwa fibre synthique nyuma yijambo ryahimbwe.Nyuma yimyaka icumi, udushya twinshi, harimo ibikoresho byoroshye, ibikoresho biremereye cyane, imiterere ya 3D, byahindutse mubijyanye nimyenda yubwenge.Ikinyejana cya 20 kiranga imyaka yamakuru aho ikositimu yumwanya, robot, imyenda yo kwisukura, panel electroluminescence, imyenda ya chameleone, imyenda yo kugenzura umubiri igenda neza mubucuruzi.
3. Polimeri ya sintetike ifite imbaraga nini nibikorwa byinshi bishobora kurenza fibre naturel.Kurugero, bio-polymers ikomoka mubigori yakoreshejwe cyane mugukora fibre yubuhanga buhanitse ifite imikorere ihebuje hamwe no kuyikoresha mu binyabuzima byangiza kandi byoroshye.Ubwo buhanga bugezweho bwatumye fibre zishoboka zishonga mumazi, bityo bigabanya guta mumiyoboro yisuku.Ifumbire mvaruganda yateguwe kuburyo ibyo bifite 100 ku ijana bya bio-yangirika muri byo.Ubu bushakashatsi bwazamuye rwose imibereho.
Ubushakashatsi bwa none
Imyenda isanzwe irabohwa cyangwa iboze ibikoresho bikoreshwa bishingiye kubisubizo.Ibinyuranye, imyenda ya tekiniki yatejwe imbere ishingiye kubakoresha.Mubisabwa harimo imyenda yo mu kirere, impyiko n’umutima, imyenda yica udukoko twangiza abahinzi, kubaka umuhanda, imifuka yo kubuza imbuto kuribwa n’inyoni hamwe n’ibikoresho bipfunyika byangiza amazi.
Amashami atandukanye yimyenda ya tekiniki arimo imyenda, gupakira, siporo n imyidagaduro, ubwikorezi, ubuvuzi nisuku, inganda, zitagaragara, oeko-imyenda, urugo, umutekano no kurinda, kubaka no kubaka, geo-imyenda nubuhinzi-mwimerere.
Ugereranije imigendekere y’imikoreshereze n’isi yose, Ubuhinde bufite umugabane wa 35 ku ijana mu myenda ikoreshwa mu myenda n’inkweto (imyenda), 21 ku ijana mu myenda yo gupakira ibintu (packtech), na 8 ku ijana muri siporo imyenda (sportech).Ibisigaye bingana na 36 ku ijana.Ariko ku isi hose urwego ruyoboye ni imyenda ikoreshwa mu kubaka imodoka, gari ya moshi, amato, indege n’icyogajuru (mobiltech), ni 25 ku ijana by’isoko ry’imyenda ihanitse, rikurikirwa n’imyenda y’inganda (indutech) kuri 16% na sportech kuri 15 ku ijana, hamwe nizindi nzego zose zigizwe na 44 ku ijana.Ibicuruzwa bishobora kuzamura inganda zirimo urubuga rwo gukenyera umukandara, impapuro hamwe n’ibisohoka, geotextile, imyenda irinda umuriro, imyenda irinda ballisti, akayunguruzo, kudoda, kubika no gusinya.
Imbaraga nini zUbuhinde nisoko rinini ryumutungo nisoko rikomeye ryimbere mu gihugu.Inganda z’imyenda yo mu Buhinde zabyutse ku bushobozi buhebuje bw’inganda na tekiniki.Inkunga ikomeye ya leta binyuze muri politiki, gushyiraho amategeko aboneye no guteza imbere ibizamini n’ibipimo bikwiye bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku iterambere ry’inganda.Icyifuzo cyibanze cyisaha nicyo abakozi benshi bahuguwe.Hagomba kubaho gahunda nyinshi zo guhugura abakozi no gutangiza ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire.
Umusanzu ukomeye w’amashyirahamwe yubushakashatsi mu gihugu urashimirwa cyane.Harimo ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda za Ahmedabad (ATIRA), Ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’imyenda ya Bombay (BTRA), Ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’imyenda yo mu Buhinde bw’Amajyepfo (SITRA), Ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’imyenda yo mu majyaruguru y’Ubuhinde (NITRA), Ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’ubwoya (WRA), Ishyirahamwe ryubushakashatsi bwa Synthetic & Art Silk Mills (SASMIRA) hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’imyenda (MANTRA).Parike mirongo itatu na zitatu zahujwe n’imyenda, zirimo eshanu muri Tamil Nadu, enye muri Andhra Pradesh, eshanu muri Karnataka, esheshatu muri Maharashtra, esheshatu muri Gajereti, ebyiri muri Rajasthan, imwe muri Uttar Pradesh na Bengal y’Iburengerazuba, igomba gukorera hamwe kugira ngo izane urwego rwose rwo gutanga munsi yinzu imwe.4,5
Geo-Imyenda
Imyenda ikoreshwa mu gupfuka isi cyangwa hasi yashyizwe mu rwego rwa geotextile.Imyenda nkiyi ikoreshwa uyumunsi mukubaka amazu, ibiraro, ingomero ninzibutso byongera ubuzima bwabo.[6]
Imyenda ikonje
Imyenda ya tekiniki yatunganijwe na Adidas ifasha mukubungabunga ubushyuhe busanzwe bwumubiri kuri dogere 37 C. Ingero ni ibirango nka Clima 365, Climaproof, Climalite ikora iyi ntego.Elextex igizwe no kumurika ibice bitanu byo kuyobora no kubika imyenda ikora sensor yose ikoraho (1 cm2 cyangwa 1 mm2).Yemejwe na Biro yubuziranenge bwu Buhinde (BIS) kandi irashobora kudoda, kuzinga no gukaraba.Ibi bifite intera nini mumyenda ya siporo.
Ibinyabuzima
Biomimetics ni igishushanyo cyibikoresho bishya bya fibre, sisitemu cyangwa imashini binyuze mu kwiga sisitemu nzima, kugira ngo bige ku mikorere yabo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikora no kuyikoresha muburyo bwa molekile n'ibikoresho.Kurugero, kwigana uburyo ikibabi cya lotus yitwara nigitonyanga cyamazi;ubuso ni microscopique ikabije kandi itwikiriwe nigishashara cyibishashara nkibintu bifite uburemere buke.
Iyo amazi aguye hejuru yikibabi, umwuka wafashwe ukora imipaka namazi.Inguni yo guhuza amazi nini kubera ibishashara nkibintu.Ariko, ibindi bintu nkimiterere yubuso nabyo bigira ingaruka kubirwanya.Igipimo cyo kurwanya amazi ni uko inguni izunguruka igomba kuba munsi ya dogere 10.Iki gitekerezo cyafashwe kandi gisubirwamo nkigitambara.Ibikoresho bishobora kugabanya imbaraga muri siporo nko koga.
Vivometrics
Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byinjijwe mu myenda birashobora gusoma imiterere yumubiri nko gutera umutima, umuvuduko wamaraso, karori yatwitse, igihe cyagenwe, intambwe yatewe nurwego rwa ogisijeni.Iki nigitekerezo cyihishe inyuma ya Vivometrics, nanone bita imyenda yo gukurikirana umubiri (BMG).Irashobora kurokora ubuzima bwumwana wavutse cyangwa uwumukinnyi wa siporo.
Ikirangantego Ubuzima bwatsinze isoko hamwe na veste nziza yo kugenzura umubiri.Irakora nka ambulance yimyenda yo gusesengura no guhindura ubufasha.Amakuru menshi yumutima-mpumyi akusanywa hashingiwe kumikorere yumutima, uko uhagaze, inyandiko zerekana ibikorwa hamwe numuvuduko wamaraso, ogisijeni na dioxyde de carbone, ubushyuhe bwumubiri nigikorwa.Ikora nk'udushya twinshi mu bijyanye na siporo n'imyenda y'ubuvuzi.
Imyenda ya Kamouflage
Ubuso buhindura ibara rya chameleone buragaragara kandi bukaremwa mubikoresho byimyenda.Imyenda ya Camouflage ivuga ku guhisha ibintu n'abantu mu kwigana ibidukikije yatangijwe mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.Ubu buhanga bukoresha fibre zifasha kuvanga ninyuma, ikintu gishobora kwerekana inyuma nkindorerwamo kandi nacyo gikomeye nka karubone.
Iyi fibre ikoreshwa hamwe na pamba na polyester mugukora imyenda ya camouflage.Ku ikubitiro, ibishushanyo bibiri gusa byerekana ibara nubushushanyo byashizweho kugirango bisa nkaho ari ishyamba ryinshi rifite igicucu cyicyatsi nicyatsi.Ariko ubu, ibintu birindwi bitandukanye byateguwe nibikorwa byiza no kubeshya.Harimo intera, kugenda, hejuru, imiterere, kumurika, silhouette nigicucu.Ibipimo nibyingenzi mukubona umuntu kure.Isuzuma ryimyenda ya camouflage riragoye kuko ritandukanye nurumuri rwizuba, ubushuhe nibihe.Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona rero bakoreshwa kugirango bamenye amashusho.Isesengura ryibintu, isesengura ryinshi nubufasha bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike bifatwa mugupima ibikoresho.
Imyenda yo Gutanga Ibiyobyabwenge
Iterambere mu nganda zubuzima ubu rihuza imyenda nubuvuzi.
Ibikoresho by'imyenda birashobora gukoreshwa mukuzamura imikorere yibiyobyabwenge mugutanga uburyo bwo kurekura ibiyobyabwenge mugihe runaka kandi mugutanga ibiyobyabwenge byinshi mubice bigenewe nta ngaruka mbi.Kurugero, Ortho Evra transdermal imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro ku bagore ifite cm 20 z'uburebure, igizwe n’ibice bitatu kandi byemejwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge.
Gukoresha Gazi Cyangwa Plasma Kurangiza Imyenda
Icyerekezo cyatangiye mu 1960, mugihe plasma yakoreshejwe muguhindura imyenda.Nicyiciro cyibintu bitandukanye nibikomeye, amazi na gaze kandi ntaho bibogamiye mumashanyarazi.Izi ni imyuka ya ionised igizwe na electron, ion nibice bitagira aho bibogamiye.Plasma ni gaze ionisiyonike igizwe nubwoko butagira aho bubogamiye nka atome zishimye, radicals yubusa, meta ihagaze neza hamwe nubwoko bwishyuzwa (electron na ion).Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa plasma: bushingiye kuri vacuum hamwe nigitutu cyikirere.Ubuso bw'igitambara bukorerwa ibisasu bya electron, bikorerwa mumashanyarazi ya plasma.Electron yakubise hejuru hamwe nogukwirakwiza kwinshi kwingufu n'umuvuduko kandi ibi biganisha kumurongo wurwego rwurwego rwo hejuru rwimyenda, bigatuma habaho guhuza umusaraba bityo bishimangira ibikoresho.
Kuvura plasma biganisha ku gutera cyangwa ingaruka zo gukora isuku hejuru yigitambara.Kwiyegereza byongera ubwinshi bwubuso butera guhuza neza.Plasma igira ingaruka ku ntego kandi irihariye muri kamere.Irashobora gukoreshwa mubudodo bwa silike itera nta gihinduka kumiterere yintego.Aramide nka Kevlar, itakaza imbaraga iyo itose, irashobora kuvurwa neza hamwe na plasma kuruta uburyo busanzwe.Umuntu arashobora kandi gutanga umutungo utandukanye kuruhande rwumwenda.Uruhande rumwe rushobora kuba hydrophobique naho urundi hydrophilique.Ubuvuzi bwa plasma bukora kuri fibre synthique na naturel hamwe nubutsinzi bwihariye mukurwanya felting no kugabanya kurwanya ubwoya.
Bitandukanye no gutunganya imiti gakondo isaba intambwe nyinshi zo gukoresha impera zitandukanye, plasma yemerera ikoreshwa ryimikorere myinshi murwego rumwe kandi muburyo bukomeza.Woolmark yatanze ubuhanga bwo kumva (SPT) yongerera impumuro imyenda.Isosiyete yo muri Amerika yitwa NanoHorizons 'SmartSilver ni ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu gutanga imiti irwanya impumuro nziza na anti-mikorobe ku miterere ya fibre karemano na sintetike.Abarwayi b'umutima bo mu burengerazuba barimo gukonjeshwa mu ihema ryaka cyane mu gihe cyo kubaga kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo guhagarara mu kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'umubiri.Igitambaro gishya gisanzwe cyakozwe hakoreshejwe plasma protein fibrinogen.Kubera ko ikozwe mumaraso yumuntu, igitambaro ntigikwiye gukurwaho.Irashonga mu ruhu mugihe cyo gukira.15
Ikoranabuhanga rya Sensory Perception (SPT)
Iri koranabuhanga rifata impumuro nziza, essence nizindi ngaruka muri micro-capsules zometse kumyenda.Iyi micro-capsules ni kontineri ntoya ifite polymer ikingira cyangwa igikonoshwa cya melamine irinda ibirimo guhumeka, okiside no kwanduza.Iyo iyi myenda ikoreshwa, bimwe muribi capsules bimena, kurekura ibirimo.
Microencapsulation
Nibikorwa byoroshye bigizwe no gukwirakwiza ibintu byamazi cyangwa ibintu bikomeye mubice bito bifunze (microne 0.5-2,000).Iyi microcapsules irekura buhoro buhoro ibintu bikora muburyo bworoshye bwo gukanika imenagura ururenda.Ibi bikoreshwa muri deodorant, amavuta yo kwisiga, amarangi, koroshya imyenda hamwe na retardants.
Imyenda ya elegitoroniki
Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byambara nkiyi jacketi ya ICD yo muri Philips na Levi, hamwe na terefone igendanwa hamwe na MP3 icuranga, ikora kuri bateri.Imyenda yashyizwemo n'ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ari shyashya, ariko gutera imbere guhoraho mumyenda yubwenge ituma bishoboka cyane, byifuzwa kandi bifatika mubikorwa.Insinga zidoda mu mwenda kugirango zihuze ibikoresho kugenzura kure kandi mikoro yashyizwe muri cola.Abandi bahinguzi benshi nyuma bazanye imyenda yubwenge ihisha insinga zose.
Ishati ndende yari iyindi mikorere ishimishije cyane.Iki gitekerezo cya e-imyenda gikora kuburyo iyo umuntu yihishe t-shirt yaka.Byaranzwe nkimwe mubintu byavumbuwe bishimishije mumwaka wa 2006. Biha uwambaye kumva ko ahobera.
Iyo guhobera byoherejwe nkubutumwa cyangwa binyuze muri bluetooth, sensor zirabyitwaramo mugukora ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wumutima, umuvuduko, igihe cyo guhoberana numuntu wukuri mubyukuri.Iyi shati nayo irashobora gukaraba bigatuma irushaho gutera ubwoba kwirengagiza.Ikindi cyavumbuwe, Elextex igizwe no kumurika ibice bitanu byo kuyobora no kubika imyenda ikora sensor yose ikoraho (1 cm2 cyangwa 1 mm2).Irashobora kudoda, kuzinga no gukaraba.19-24 Ibi byose bidufasha gusobanukirwa nuburyo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’imyenda bishobora guhurizwa hamwe kugirango imibereho irusheho kuba myiza.
Iyi ngingo ntabwo yahinduwe n'abakozi b'imyenda ya XiangYu yavuzwe kuri https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/tech-textile-innovations-8356
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-11-2022