Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ni rimwe mu masoko akomeye yohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa.Umubare w’imyenda n’imyenda yo mu Bushinwa byohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi mu nganda zose wageze ku gipimo cya 21,6% mu 2009, urenga Amerika muri rusange.Nyuma yaho, umubare w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu bicuruzwa by’imyenda n’imyenda byoherezwa mu Bushinwa wagabanutse buhoro buhoro, kugeza ubwo warengeje ASEAN mu 2021, kandi umubare wari wagabanutse ugera kuri 14.4% mu 2022. Kuva mu 2023, igipimo cy’Ubushinwa bwohereza imyenda n’imyenda kuri Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi wakomeje kugabanuka.Dukurikije imibare ya gasutamo y'Ubushinwa, Ubushinwa bwohereza mu mahanga imyenda n'imyenda mu bihugu by’Uburayi kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata byageze kuri miliyari 10.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika, umwaka ushize ukagabanuka 20.5%, naho umubare w'ibyoherezwa mu nganda zose ukaba waragabanutse kugera kuri 11.5%. .
Ubwongereza bwahoze ari kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bigize isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bwuzuza Brexit ku mugaragaro mu mpera za 2020. Nyuma ya Brexit ya Brexit, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi winjiza imyenda n’imyenda wagabanutseho hafi 15%.Mu 2022, Ubushinwa imyenda n'imyenda byoherezwa mu Bwongereza byose hamwe byinjije miliyari 7.63.Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Mata 2023, Ubushinwa bwohereza mu mahanga imyenda n'imyenda mu Bwongereza bingana na miliyari 1.82 z'amadolari y'Amerika, umwaka ushize ugabanuka 13.4%.
Kuva muri uyu mwaka, inganda z’imyenda mu Bushinwa zohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi n’isoko ry’isoko ry’Ubwongereza zaragabanutse, ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ubukungu bwacyo ndetse n’uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko.
Isesengura ryibidukikije
Igipimo cy’inyungu cy’ifaranga cyazamutse inshuro nyinshi, cyongera intege nke mu bukungu, bituma ubwiyongere bw’umuntu ku giti cye ndetse n’umubare w’abaguzi udahungabana.
Kuva mu 2023, Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi yazamuye inyungu inshuro eshatu, kandi igipimo cy’inyungu cyiyongereye kiva kuri 3% kigera kuri 3.75%, kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije na politiki y’inyungu ya Zero hagati ya 2022;Banki y’Ubwongereza nayo yazamuye igipimo cy’inyungu kabiri muri uyu mwaka, aho igipimo cy’inyungu cyazamutse kigera kuri 4.5%, byombi bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru kuva ikibazo cy’imari mpuzamahanga cy’2008.Ubwiyongere bw'inyungu bwongera ikiguzi cy'inguzanyo, bikabuza kugarura ishoramari no gukoresha, biganisha ku ntege nke z'ubukungu no kudindiza izamuka ry'umuntu ku giti cye.Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, umusaruro w’Ubudage wagabanutseho 0.2% umwaka ushize, mu gihe GDP y’Ubwongereza n’Ubufaransa yiyongereyeho 0.2% na 0.9% umwaka ushize.Iterambere ryiyongereyeho 4.3, 10.4, na 3,6 ku ijana ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize.Mu gihembwe cya mbere, amafaranga yinjira mu ngo z’Abadage yiyongereyeho 4.7% umwaka ushize, umushahara w’izina ry’abakozi b’Ubwongereza wiyongereyeho 5.2% umwaka ushize, ugabanukaho amanota 4 na 3.7 ku ijana ugereranije n’ayo gihe cyumwaka ushize, nimbaraga nyazo zo kugura ingo zabafaransa zagabanutseho 0.4% ukwezi.Byongeye kandi, nk'uko raporo y’urunigi rw’amaduka manini yo mu Bwongereza Asadal ibivuga, muri Gicurasi 80% by’ingo z’abongereza binjiza amafaranga yagabanutse, naho 40% by’ingo z’Abongereza bagwa mu bihe bibi.Amafaranga yinjiza ntabwo ahagije kwishyura fagitire no gukoresha ibikenewe.
Igiciro rusange ni kinini, kandi ibiciro byabaguzi byimyenda nibicuruzwa byimyenda birahindagurika kandi bizamuka, bigabanya imbaraga zukuri zo kugura.
Bitewe n’ibintu nk’imikoreshereze irenze urugero n’ibura ry’ibicuruzwa, ibihugu by’Uburayi muri rusange byahuye n’igitutu gikomeye cy’ifaranga kuva mu 2022. Nubwo amayero n’Ubwongereza byakunze kuzamura inyungu z’inyungu kuva mu 2022 kugira ngo igabanye izamuka ry’ibiciro, igipimo cy’ifaranga mu bihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubwongereza gifite vuba aha yavuye kumurongo wo hejuru wa 10% mugice cya kabiri cya 2022 igera kuri 7% igera kuri 9%, ariko iracyari hejuru yurwego rusanzwe rw’ifaranga rigeze kuri 2%.Ibiciro biri hejuru byazamuye cyane Ikiguzi cyo kubaho kandi bigabanya izamuka ry’ibikenerwa n’abaguzi.Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, imikoreshereze ya nyuma y’ingo z’Abadage yagabanutseho 1% umwaka ushize, mu gihe amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu ngo yo mu Bwongereza atigeze yiyongera;Imikoreshereze ya nyuma y’ingo z’Abafaransa yagabanutseho 0.1% ukwezi ku kwezi, mu gihe ubwinshi bw’imikoreshereze y’umuntu ku giti cye nyuma yo gukuramo ibintu byagabanutseho 0,6% ukwezi ku kwezi.
Urebye ibiciro by’imyenda ikoreshwa, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, n’Ubwongereza ntibyagabanutse buhoro buhoro hamwe n’igabanuka ry’igabanuka ry’ifaranga, ahubwo byanagaragaje ihinduka ry’izamuka.Kuruhande rwiterambere ryiterambere ryurugo, ibiciro biri hejuru bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo guhagarika imyenda.Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, imyenda yo mu rugo n’inkweto zikoreshwa mu Budage yiyongereyeho 0.9% umwaka ushize, mu gihe mu Bufaransa no mu Bwongereza, imyenda yo mu rugo n’inkweto zo mu rugo yagabanutseho 0.4% na 3,8% umwaka ushize. , hamwe niterambere ryagabanutseho 48.4, 6.2, na 27.4 ku ijana ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize.Muri Werurwe 2023, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’imyenda mu Bufaransa byagabanutseho 0.1% umwaka ushize, mu gihe muri Mata, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’imyenda mu Budage byagabanutseho 8.7% umwaka ushize;Mu mezi ane ya mbere, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’imyenda mu Bwongereza byiyongereyeho 13.4% umwaka ushize, bigabanukaho amanota 45.3 ku ijana ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyashize.Niba izamuka ryibiciro ridashyizwemo, kugurisha kwukuri kugurishwa ni kuzamuka kwa zeru.
Kuzana isesengura ryibihe
Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga by’imyenda n’imyambaro muri EU byiyongereye, mu gihe ibitumizwa hanze byagabanutse.
Ubushobozi bw’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’imyenda n’imyenda y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ni binini cyane, kandi kubera kugabanuka gahoro gahoro Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu myenda n’imyambaro, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ni inzira y’ingenzi y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.Mu 1999, igipimo cy’ibitumizwa hanze hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi by’imyenda n’imyenda byari munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri, 41.8% gusa.Kuva icyo gihe, umubare wagiye wiyongera uko umwaka utashye, urenga 50% kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, kugeza igihe uzongera ukamanuka munsi ya 50% mu 2021. Kuva mu 2016, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi watumije hanze miliyari 100 z’amadolari y’imyenda n’imyenda biva hanze buri mwaka, hamwe n’agaciro kinjiza miliyari 153.9 z'amadolari muri 2022.
Kuva mu 2023, icyifuzo cy’imyenda n’imyambaro yatumijwe hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyaragabanutse, mu gihe ubucuruzi bw’imbere bwakomeje kwiyongera.Mu gihembwe cya mbere, miliyari 33 z'amadorari y'Abanyamerika yatumijwe mu mahanga, umwaka ushize ugabanuka 7.9%, naho igipimo cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 46.8%;Agaciro k’imyenda n’imyenda mu bihugu by’Uburayi byari miliyari 37.5 z’amadolari y’Amerika, byiyongereyeho 6.9% umwaka ushize.Urebye mu gihugu ukurikije igihugu, mu gihembwe cya mbere, Ubudage n'Ubufaransa byatumizaga imyenda n'imyenda bivuye mu bihugu by’Uburayi byiyongereyeho 3,7% na 10.3% buri mwaka, mu gihe ibitumizwa mu mahanga by’imyenda n’imyenda biva hanze y’Uburayi byagabanutseho 0.3 % na 9.9% buri mwaka-ku-mwaka.
Igabanuka ry’imyenda n’imyenda bitumizwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu Bwongereza ni bito cyane ugereranije n’ibitumizwa hanze y’Uburayi.
Ubwongereza butumiza imyenda n'imyambaro ahanini ni ubucuruzi hamwe n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.Mu 2022, Ubwongereza bwatumije mu mahanga miliyari 27.61 z'amapound y'imyenda n'imyambaro, muri byo 32% gusa ni byo byatumijwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, naho 68% byatumijwe hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, biri munsi gato y’impinga ya 70.5% muri 2010. Kuva amakuru, Brexit ntabwo yagize uruhare runini mubucuruzi bwimyenda n imyenda hagati y'Ubwongereza na EU.
Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata 2023, Ubwongereza bwatumije miliyari 7.16 z'amapound y’imyenda n’imyenda, muri byo umubare w’imyenda n’imyenda yatumijwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi wagabanutseho 4.7% umwaka ushize, umubare w’imyenda n’imyenda yatumizwaga mu mahanga hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yagabanutseho 14.5% umwaka ushize, naho igipimo cy’ibitumizwa mu mahanga bivuye mu bihugu by’Uburayi nacyo cyaragabanutseho amanota 3,8 ku ijana umwaka ushize kigera kuri 63.5%.
Mu myaka yashize, umubare w’Ubushinwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubwongereza ku isoko ry’imyenda n’imyenda byagabanutse uko umwaka utashye.
Mbere ya 2020, Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare mu isoko ry’imyenda n’imyenda y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bwageze ku gipimo cya 42.5% mu mwaka wa 2010, kandi kuva icyo gihe bwaragabanutse ku mwaka, bugabanuka bugera kuri 31.1% muri 2019. Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyatumye ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’ibisabwa. kuri masike y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi, imyenda irinda n'ibindi bicuruzwa.Gutumiza mu mahanga ibikoresho byo kwirinda icyorezo byatumye Ubushinwa bugira uruhare mu isoko ry’imyenda n’imyenda y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kugera ku kigero cya 42.7%.Icyakora, kuva icyo gihe, kubera ko icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho byo gukumira icyorezo cyagabanutse kuva ku rwego rwo hejuru, ndetse n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bukaba bwarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi, umugabane w’isoko ry’imyenda n’imyenda byoherezwa mu mahanga n’Ubushinwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wagarutse mu nzira igana hasi, ugera 32.3% muri 2022. Mugihe umugabane w’isoko w’Ubushinwa wagabanutse, umugabane w’isoko mu bihugu bitatu byo muri Aziya yepfo nka Bangladesh, Ubuhinde, na Pakisitani wiyongereye cyane.Mu mwaka wa 2010, imyenda n'imyenda y'ibihugu bitatu byo muri Aziya y'Epfo byinjije 18.5% gusa ku isoko ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kandi iki gipimo cyiyongereye kugera kuri 26.7% mu 2022.
Kuva icyo bita "Itegeko rijyanye n’Ubushinwa" muri Amerika ryatangira gukurikizwa, ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu nganda z’imyenda mu Bushinwa byabaye ingorabahizi kandi bikomeye.Muri Nzeri 2022, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemeje umushinga wiswe “Guhagarika imirimo ku gahato”, isaba ko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wafata ingamba zo kubuza ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa byakozwe binyuze mu mirimo y'agahato ku isoko ry’Uburayi.N’ubwo Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi utaratangaza aho igeze n’itariki bizatangira gukurikizwa, abaguzi benshi bahinduye kandi bagabanya igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo birinde ingaruka, bituma mu buryo butaziguye inganda z’imyenda yo mu Bushinwa zongera ubushobozi bw’umusaruro mu mahanga, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa kandi imyenda.
Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata 2023, isoko ry’Ubushinwa mu myenda n’imyenda yatumijwe mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byari 26.9% gusa, byagabanutseho amanota 4.1 ku ijana ugereranyije n’icyo gihe cyashize umwaka ushize, kandi umubare rusange w’ibihugu bitatu byo muri Aziya yepfo warenze 2,3% ingingo.Dufatiye ku rwego rw'igihugu, uruhare rw'Ubushinwa ku masoko y’imyenda n’imyenda itumizwa mu Bufaransa n’Ubudage, ibihugu by’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, byagabanutse, kandi uruhare rw’isoko ryo gutumiza mu Bwongereza na ryo ryerekanye ko ari ko bimeze.Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Mata 2023, umubare w’imyenda n’imyenda byoherezwa mu Bushinwa ku masoko yatumijwe mu Bufaransa, Ubudage, n’Ubwongereza byari 27.5%, 23.5%, na 26.6%, byagabanutseho 4,6, 4.6, na 4.1% amanota ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-17-2023