Nyuma yimyaka hafi ibiri yumushyikirano, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’uburayi yemeje ku mugaragaro uburyo bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (CBAM) nyuma yo gutora.Ibi bivuze ko umusoro wa mbere w’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku isi bigiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, kandi umushinga wa CBAM uzatangira gukurikizwa mu 2026.
Ubushinwa buzahura nuburyo bushya bwo gukumira ibicuruzwa
Bitewe n’ihungabana ry’imari ku isi, hagaragaye uburyo bushya bwo gukumira ibicuruzwa, kandi Ubushinwa, nk’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi, byagize ingaruka zikomeye.
Niba ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika bitira ibibazo by’ikirere n’ibidukikije kandi bigashyiraho “amahoro ya karubone”, Ubushinwa buzahura n’uburyo bushya bwo gukumira ibicuruzwa.Bitewe no kutagira ibipimo bihumanya bihumanya ikirere ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibihugu nk’Uburayi na Amerika bimaze gushyiraho “amahoro ya karubone” kandi bigashyira mu bikorwa amahame ya karubone bigamije inyungu zabo, ibindi bihugu na byo birashobora gushyiraho “amahoro ya karubone” ukurikije amahame yabo bwite, byanze bikunze bizatera intambara yubucuruzi.
Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ingufu nyinshi mu Bushinwa bizahinduka “ibiciro bya karubone”
Kugeza ubu, ibihugu bisaba gushyiraho “amahoro ya karubone” ni ibihugu byateye imbere cyane nk'Uburayi na Amerika, kandi ibyo Ubushinwa byohereza mu Burayi no muri Amerika ntabwo ari byinshi gusa, ahubwo byibanda no ku bicuruzwa bitwara ingufu nyinshi.
Mu mwaka wa 2008, Ubushinwa bwohereje muri Amerika no mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byari ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikinisho, imyenda, n’ibikoresho fatizo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga miliyari 225.45 na miliyari 243.1 by’amadolari, bingana na 66.8% na 67.3% bya Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika no mu bihugu by’Uburayi.
Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ahanini bitwara ingufu nyinshi, birimo karubone nyinshi, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro, byoroshye gukurikiza “ibiciro bya karubone”.Raporo y’ubushakashatsi yaturutse muri Banki y’isi ivuga ko niba “igiciro cya karubone” gishyizwe mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye, inganda z’Abashinwa zishobora guhura n’ikigereranyo cya 26% ku isoko mpuzamahanga, bigatuma ibiciro byiyongera ku nganda zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kandi bikaba bishoboka ko 21% byagabanuka. mu mahanga.
Ese ibiciro bya karubone bigira ingaruka ku nganda z’imyenda?
Igiciro cya karubone gikubiyemo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, aluminium, sima, ifumbire, amashanyarazi, na hydrogène, kandi ingaruka zabyo ku nganda zitandukanye ntizishobora kuba rusange.Inganda z’imyenda ntizibasiwe n’ibiciro bya karubone.
Noneho ibiciro bya karubone bizagera no kumyenda mugihe kizaza?
Ibi bigomba kurebwa uhereye kuri politiki yerekana ibiciro bya karubone.Impamvu yo gushyira mu bikorwa amahoro ya karubone mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ni ukurinda “kumeneka kwa karubone” - bivuga amasosiyete y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bifite ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (ni ukuvuga kwimura inganda) hagamijwe kwirinda amafaranga menshi yoherezwa mu kirere mu bihugu by’Uburayi.Muri rusange rero, ibiciro bya karubone byibanda gusa ku nganda zifite ibyago byo “kumeneka kwa karubone”, aribyo “ingufu nyinshi n’ubucuruzi bugaragara (EITE)”.
Ku bijyanye n’inganda zifite ibyago byo “kumeneka kwa karubone”, Komisiyo y’Uburayi ifite urutonde rwemewe rurimo ibikorwa 63 by’ubukungu cyangwa ibicuruzwa, harimo ibintu bikurikira bikurikira bijyanye n’imyenda: “Gutegura no kuzunguruka fibre yimyenda”, “Gukora ibitari- imyenda iboshye n'ibicuruzwa byabo, usibye imyenda "," Gukora fibre yakozwe n'abantu ", na" Kurangiza imyenda ".
Muri rusange, ugereranije n'inganda nk'ibyuma, sima, ubukerarugendo, no gutunganya amavuta, imyenda ntabwo ari inganda zangiza cyane.Nubwo igipimo cy’ibiciro bya karubone cyaguka mu gihe kiri imbere, bizagira ingaruka gusa ku fibre no ku bitambaro, kandi birashoboka cyane ko bizashyirwa inyuma y’inganda nko gutunganya peteroli, ububumbyi, no gukora impapuro.
Nibura mu myaka mike ya mbere mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibiciro bya karubone, inganda z’imyenda ntizizagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye.Ariko, ibi ntibisobanura ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitazigera bihura n’inzitizi zituruka ku muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.Ingamba zinyuranye zitegurwa n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hashingiwe kuri politiki ya “Circular Economy Action Plan”, cyane cyane “Strategy Sustainable and Circular Textile Strategy”, igomba kwitabwaho n’inganda z’imyenda.Irerekana ko mugihe kizaza, imyenda yinjira kumasoko yuburayi igomba kurenga "icyatsi kibisi".
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-16-2023