Guhera mu mpera z'Ukwakira, habaye iminsi myinshi ikurikirana imyigaragambyo y'abakozi bo mu nganda z’imyenda isaba ko umushahara wiyongera cyane mu murwa mukuru no mu nganda zikomeye za Bangladesh.Iyi myumvire kandi yakuruye ibiganiro byerekeranye ninganda zimyenda igihe kirekire zishingiye kumurimo uhendutse.
Amavu n'amavuko y'ibibazo byose ni uko nk'igihugu cya kabiri ku isi mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu mahanga nyuma y'Ubushinwa, Bangladesh ifite inganda zigera ku 3500 kandi ikoresha abakozi bagera kuri miliyoni 4.Kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byamamaye bizwi kwisi yose, abakora imyenda akenshi bakeneye gukora amasaha y'ikirenga, ariko umushahara muto bashobora kubona ni 8300 gusa muri Bangladesh Taka / ukwezi, ni hafi amafaranga 550 cyangwa 75 US $.
Nibura inganda 300 zarafunzwe
Mu guhangana n’ifaranga rikomeje hafi 10% mu mwaka ushize, abakozi b’imyenda muri Bangaladeshi baraganira ku mashyirahamwe mashya y’imishahara n’amashyirahamwe y’abafite ubucuruzi bw’imyenda.Abakozi basabwa vuba aha ni ugukuba hafi inshuro eshatu umushahara muto ntarengwa wa Taka 20390, ariko ba nyir'ubucuruzi basabye ko hiyongeraho 25% kugeza kuri Taka 10400, bigatuma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.
Polisi yavuze ko byibuze inganda 300 zafunzwe mu myigaragambyo yamaze icyumweru.Kugeza ubu, imyigaragambyo yatumye hapfa abakozi babiri ndetse n’imvune nyinshi.
Ku wa gatanu ushize, umuyobozi w’abakozi b’imyenda yatangaje ko Levi na H&M ari byo biza ku isonga mu bucuruzi bw’imyenda ku isi byahagaritse umusaruro muri Bangladesh.
Inganda nyinshi zasahuwe n'abakozi bigaragambyaga, izindi magana zarafunzwe na banyiri amazu kugirango birinde kwangiriza nkana.Kalpona Akter, umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’imyambaro n’abakozi bo muri Bangladesh (BGIWF), yatangarije Agence France Presse ko inganda zahagaritswe zirimo “inganda nini nini mu gihugu zitanga imyenda ku bicuruzwa hafi ya byose by’iburengerazuba ndetse n’abacuruzi”.
Yongeyeho ati: “Ibicuruzwa birimo Gap, Wal Mart, H&M, Zara, Inditex, Bestseller, Levi, Marks na Spencer, Primaire na Aldi.”
Umuvugizi wa Primark yavuze ko umucuruzi w’imyambarire wa Dublin ukorera i Dublin “atigeze ahungabana ku isoko ryacu”.
Umuvugizi yongeyeho ati: “Turacyakomeza kuvugana n'abaduha ibicuruzwa, bamwe muri bo bakaba barafunze by'agateganyo inganda zabo muri iki gihe.”Abakora ibicuruzwa byangiritse muriki gikorwa ntibashaka gutangaza amazina yikirango bakoranye, batinya gutakaza ibicuruzwa byabaguzi.
Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yumurimo nubuyobozi
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeje kuba bibi, Faruque Hassan, umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora imyenda n’abashoramari bo muri Bangladesh (BGMEA), na we yinubiye uko inganda zifashe: gushyigikira icyifuzo cy’uko umushahara wiyongera cyane ku bakozi bo muri Bangaladeshi bivuze ko ibirango by’imyenda y’iburengerazuba bigomba kongera ibiciro byabo.Nubwo ibyo birango bivuga ku mugaragaro ko bishyigikira umushahara w’abakozi, mu byukuri, bakangisha kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bindi bihugu igihe ibiciro bizamutse.
Mu mpera za Nzeri uyu mwaka, Hassan yandikiye Ishyirahamwe ry’imyenda n’imyenda y'Abanyamerika, yizera ko bazaza kandi bakemeza ibicuruzwa bikomeye kuzamura ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa.Muri iyo baruwa yanditse ati: “Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho impinduka nziza ku mishahara mishya.Uruganda rwa Bangladesh ruhura n’ibibazo bidakenewe ku isi kandi biri mu nzozi nk '' ibintu '
Kugeza ubu, komisiyo ishinzwe umushahara muto muri Bangladesh irahuza n’impande zose zireba, kandi amagambo yavuzwe na ba nyir'ubucuruzi nayo afatwa nk’ibidashoboka na guverinoma.Ariko ba nyir'uruganda bavuga kandi ko niba umushahara muto usabwa ku bakozi urenze 20000 Taka yujujwe, Bangladesh izatakaza inyungu zayo zo guhangana.
Nka moderi yubucuruzi yinganda "yihuta yimyambarire", ibirango bikomeye birushanwe guha abakiriya umusingi wigiciro gito, ukomoka kumushahara muto w'abakozi mubihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Aziya.Ibicuruzwa bizahatira inganda gutanga ibiciro biri hasi, amaherezo bizagaragarira mu mushahara w'abakozi.Nka kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Bangladesh, ifite umushahara muto ku bakozi, ihura n’ikibazo cyose cyo kwivuguruza.
Ibihangange byo muburengerazuba byakira bite?
Mu guhangana n’ibisabwa n’abakozi b’imyenda bo muri Bangaladeshi, bimwe mu bicuruzwa bizwi na byo byatanze ibisubizo ku mugaragaro.
Umuvugizi wa H&M yavuze ko iyi sosiyete ishyigikiye ishyirwaho ry'umushahara muto ntarengwa wo kwishyura amafaranga y'abakozi n'imiryango yabo.Umuvugizi yanze kugira icyo atangaza ku bijyanye n’uko H&M izamura ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ishyigikire umushahara, ariko agaragaza ko iyi sosiyete ifite uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko butuma inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa zongera ibiciro byerekana izamuka ry’imishahara.
Umuvugizi w'ikigo cy'ababyeyi cya Zara Inditex yavuze ko iyi sosiyete iherutse gusohora ku mugaragaro isezeranya gutera inkunga abakozi bo mu isoko ryayo kugira ngo babone umushahara wabo.
Dukurikije inyandiko zatanzwe na H&M, mu 2022 hari abakozi bagera kuri 600000 bo muri Bangaladeshi mu isoko rya H&M ryo gutanga amasoko mu mwaka wa 2022, umushahara mpuzandengo wa buri kwezi ungana n'amadolari 134, urenze kure igipimo gito muri Bangladesh.Ariko, ugereranije na horizontalale, abakozi ba Kamboje murwego rwo gutanga H&M barashobora kwinjiza impuzandengo ya $ 293 kukwezi.Urebye kuri buri muturage GDP, Bangladesh iri hejuru cyane ya Kamboje.
Byongeye kandi, umushahara wa H & M ku bakozi bo mu Buhinde uri hejuru gato 10% ugereranije n’abakozi ba Bangladeshi, ariko H&M igura kandi imyenda myinshi muri Bangladesh kuruta iy'Ubuhinde na Kamboje.
Ikirango cy’inkweto n’imyenda yo mu Budage Puma nacyo cyavuze muri raporo y’umwaka wa 2022 ko umushahara uhembwa abakozi ba Bangaladeshi urenze cyane igipimo ntarengwa, ariko uyu mubare ni 70% gusa by’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imibereho yo mu karere ”byasobanuwe n’imiryango y’abandi ( igipimo aho umushahara uhagije kugirango abakozi babeho neza kandi bo nimiryango yabo).Abakozi bakorera Puma muri Kamboje na Vietnam bahabwa amafaranga yujuje igipimo cy’imishahara yo mu karere.
Puma yavuze kandi mu ijambo rye ko ari ngombwa cyane gukemura hamwe ikibazo cy’imishahara, kuko iki kibazo kidashobora gukemurwa n’ikimenyetso kimwe.Puma yavuze kandi ko abatanga amasoko menshi muri Bangladesh bafite politiki yo kureba niba amafaranga y’abakozi yujuje ibyo urugo rukeneye, ariko isosiyete iracyafite “ibintu byinshi tugomba kwitaho” kugira ngo politiki yayo ihindurwe mu bindi bikorwa.
Inganda z’imyenda ya Bangladesh zagize "amateka yumukara" menshi mubikorwa byiterambere.Izwi cyane ni isenyuka ry’inyubako mu karere ka Sava mu 2013, aho inganda nyinshi z’imyenda zakomeje gusaba abakozi gukora nyuma yo guhabwa umuburo na leta w’uko “imvune mu nyubako” ababwira ko nta kibazo cy’umutekano gihari. .Ibi byabaye amaherezo byahitanye abantu 1134 bituma imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryibanda ku kuzamura aho bakorera kandi bishimira ibiciro biri hasi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2023